References

All major claims on this site are traceable to the sources listed below. This bibliography is compiled from individual article reference sections and is updated as new content is published. Sources include peer-reviewed journals, university extension publications, government reports, and recognized aquaculture textbooks.

1. Barton, B.A. (2002). Stress in fishes: A diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 42(3), 517–525. — DOI
   Cited in: The Nitrogen Cycle
2. Brett, J.R. & Groves, T.D.D. (1979). Physiological energetics. In W.S. Hoar, D.J. Randall, & J.R. Brett (Eds.), Fish Physiology, Vol. VIII (pp. 279–352). Academic Press.
   Cited in: The Nitrogen Cycle
3. Camargo, J.A., Alonso, A., & Salamanca, A. (2005). Nitrate toxicity to aquatic animals: A review with new data for freshwater invertebrates. Chemosphere, 58(9), 1255–1267. — DOI
   Cited in: The Nitrogen Cycle
4. Daims, H., Nielsen, J.L., Nielsen, P.H., Schleifer, K.H., & Wagner, M. (2001). In situ characterization of Nitrospira-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria active in wastewater treatment plants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67(11), 5273–5284. — DOI
   Cited in: The Nitrogen Cycle
5. Emerson, K., Russo, R.C., Lund, R.E., & Thurston, R.V. (1975). Aqueous ammonia equilibrium calculations: Effect of pH and temperature. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 32(12), 2379–2383. — DOI
   Cited in: Ammonia & Nitrite, Ammonia Toxicity Calculator
6. Hagopian, D.S. & Riley, J.G. (1998). A closer look at the bacteriology of nitrification. Aquacultural Engineering, 18(4), 223–244. — DOI
   Cited in: The Nitrogen Cycle
7. Kaushik, S.J. & Cowey, C.B. (1991). Ammoniogenesis and dietary factors affecting nitrogen excretion. In C.B. Cowey & C.Y. Cho (Eds.), Nutritional Strategies and Aquaculture Waste (pp. 3–19). University of Guelph.
   Cited in: The Nitrogen Cycle
8. Kroupova, H., Machova, J., & Svobodova, Z. (2005). Nitrite influence on fish: A review. Veterinary Medicine – Czech, 50(11), 461–471. — DOI
   Cited in: The Nitrogen Cycle, Ammonia & Nitrite
9. Noga, E.J. (2010). Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
   Cited in: The Nitrogen Cycle, Ammonia & Nitrite, Common Diseases
10. Painter, H.A. (1986). Nitrification in the treatment of sewage and waste-waters. In J.I. Prosser (Ed.), Nitrification (pp. 185–211). IRL Press.
    Cited in: The Nitrogen Cycle
11. Prosser, J.I. (1989). Autotrophic nitrification in bacteria. Advances in Microbial Physiology, 30, 125–181. — DOI
    Cited in: The Nitrogen Cycle
12. Thurston, R.V., Russo, R.C., & Vinogradov, G.A. (1981). Ammonia toxicity to fishes. Effect of pH on the toxicity of the un-ionized ammonia species. Environmental Science & Technology, 15(7), 837–840. — DOI
    Cited in: Ammonia & Nitrite, Ammonia Toxicity Calculator
13. Tomasso, J.R. (1994). Toxicity of nitrogenous wastes to aquaculture animals. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 2(4), 291–314. — DOI
    Cited in: The Nitrogen Cycle, Ammonia & Nitrite
14. USEPA (2013). Aquatic Life Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia — Freshwater (EPA 822-R-13-001). United States Environmental Protection Agency.
    Cited in: Ammonia & Nitrite, Ammonia Toxicity Calculator
15. Wilkie, M.P. (2002). Ammonia excretion and urea handling by fish gills: Present understanding and future research challenges. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 293(3), 284–301. — DOI
    Cited in: The Nitrogen Cycle
16. Zhu, S. & Chen, S. (2002). The impact of temperature on nitrification rate in fixed film biofilters. Aquacultural Engineering, 26(4), 221–237. — DOI
    Cited in: The Nitrogen Cycle